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TX coil with Polypropylene spacer

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  • TX coil with Polypropylene spacer

    The wire to wire capacitance for your Teflon coated wire is about 35pf/meter. Now, your windings are not perfectly parallel so you have also some air between the windings. This reduces the capacitance because air is a better dielectric.
    If you were to suspend the wires in the air, so as to have air instead of Teflon as insulation, the capacitance would only be 16pf/meter.

    Another dielectric that is nearly as good as Teflon, is PP or Polypropylene. Now, if you were to take air and PP and make a foam with it that is 50% air, the dielectric would be somewhere between air and PP and even better than Teflon. They used to make Coax cable with such kind of foam.

    So how can you use this information for coil making?
    I have some 0.95mm diameter magnet wire and want to wind a new coil.
    To get 35pf/m inter-winding capacitance, I would need to have about 2.5mm TFE (Teflon) insulation. That must be difficult to find.
    So my solution is going to be PP+air, about 2mm, I think I will manage to get the capacitance down to about 25pf/m.

    The coil diameter will be 280mm
    Coil inductance about 300uH
    Coil DC resistance about 0.4 Ohm

    Then I hope to be able to sample at 3uS, with a coil current of about 1.2A.

    Lets see if I can accomplish that.
    Then I would like to have somebody to come up with signal amplitude measurements for 1" square alu foil to compare with.

    All the best

    Tinkerer

    ********************************************
    I copied this thread over since it really belongs into the coil forum.

    So now the coil is done, it did not quite come out as planned but I think the experiment was worth doing and the results do show some possibilities.

    Below is a picture of the TX coil.
    280mm outer diameter
    0.8 Ohm DC resistance
    23 turns #20 magnet wire with Polypropylene spacer
    325uH inductance

    Tinkerer
    Attached Files

  • #2
    3 MICRO SECONDS DELAY SAMPLING

    The goal was to produce a TX coil and read a sample with a delay of 3uS after the TX pulse switch OFF.

    Below is a scope pix with the setting at 1uS. It shows the TX switch OFF and the output of the preamp.

    TX pulse is 41uS and 12V, with a total DC resistance of about 2.8 Ohm so it is about 1.28A coil current at switch OFF

    Tinkerer
    Attached Files

    Comment


    • #3
      Sample at 3uS

      This picture shows the sample pulse. setting at 1uS/div.
      No target.

      Tinkerer
      Attached Files

      Comment


      • #4
        3uS sampling

        This picture shows the output signal with a silver dollar on the coil.

        Tinkerer
        Attached Files

        Comment


        • #5
          3uS sampling with discrimination

          This picture shows a ferrite on the coil.
          Note how the signal goes positive for the silver coin and how it goes negative for the ferrite.

          Tinkerer
          Attached Files

          Comment


          • #6
            What is the resonance qrequency of the tx coil?

            The negative wave seems to be the result of tx/rx imbalance due to the ferrite presence.

            Comment


            • #7
              FE discrimination

              Originally posted by ppodg View Post
              What is the resonance qrequency of the tx coil?

              The negative wave seems to be the result of tx/rx imbalance due to the ferrite presence.
              I don't know the resonance frequency. I don't have a frequency generator and am too lazy to build one just to measure this coil. My method is very tolerant to capacitance on the front-end.

              With an Concentric, Induction Balanced Coil, it is all about the balance of the 3 magnetic fields generated by the TX coil, the RX coil and the Bucking coil.
              Extreme sensitivity is possible when all parameters (and there are many), are balanced.

              The above experiment is only a quick makeshift experiment to try if my theory of air-Polypropylene inter-wire spacing is valid. The first result is of course not very perfect, but it clearly shows that I can sample at 3us and have high sensitivity too.
              It also shows that there is a fair degree of FE differentiation.

              Tinkerer

              Comment


              • #8
                Measuring the resonant frequency is very simple - just connect the coil to the scope and touch the hot input with some metal you hold in hand or make some spark nearby - the coil will ring for a while...
                Remember the scope input cap influence.

                3us... well... I like it...

                btw, what are the ranges of ferrite and non-ferrous metal of similar size detection? Are they comparable?

                Best regards,
                ...

                Comment


                • #9
                  Originally posted by ppodg View Post
                  Measuring the resonant frequency is very simple - just connect the coil to the scope and touch the hot input with some metal you hold in hand or make some spark nearby - the coil will ring for a while...
                  Remember the scope input cap influence.

                  3us... well... I like it...

                  btw, what are the ranges of ferrite and non-ferrous metal of similar size detection? Are they comparable?

                  Best regards,
                  ...
                  Clever way to get the resonance. I will do that.

                  The response for FE is rather weak for the best non magnetic setting. The balance setting can be changed to favor FE or to attenuate FE.

                  The above pictures have a gain of 40.

                  Tinkerer

                  Comment


                  • #10
                    OK, so the resonant frequency is about 675 kHz.
                    This is for the coil + 6ft cable + oversize shield (2 each 450mm diameter disks) + Oscilloscope capacitance. The TX coil as measured, is part of the IB coil assembly consisting of TX, RX and Bucking coil.

                    Tinkerer

                    Comment


                    • #11
                      CIBC sensitivity

                      Made sensitivity test with the PP spacer coil.

                      Gain 40 +10

                      1" square alu foil at 15 cm = 20mV
                      0.35gram gold ring at 15 cm =20mV

                      Sensitivity seems OK

                      Tinkerer

                      Comment


                      • #12
                        Polypropylene spacer TX coil

                        Here is a picture of the way the spacer is added to the magnet wire.

                        Tinkerer
                        Attached Files

                        Comment


                        • #13
                          Originally posted by Tinkerer View Post
                          Here is a picture of the way the spacer is added to the magnet wire.

                          Tinkerer
                          The idea looks good.

                          I think you want poor dialectric, not good one, to reduce capacitance, is that right? In other words, air is better than typical insulation?

                          Can you just use ordinary string/cord as spacer and get good results?

                          Regards,

                          -SB

                          Comment


                          • #14
                            Originally posted by simonbaker View Post
                            The idea looks good.

                            I think you want poor dialectric, not good one, to reduce capacitance, is that right? In other words, air is better than typical insulation?

                            Can you just use ordinary string/cord as spacer and get good results?

                            Regards,

                            -SB
                            The more air the better. PP string is of the most ordinary and cheap kind. Its purpose is to trap the air.

                            Cotton and other organic type string have a tendency to absorb humidity, that could be detrimental. The dielectric characteristics of PVC change a lot with temperature. With an MD coil working in the hot sun this will produce drift and change in inter-wire capacitance.

                            All the best

                            Tinkerer

                            Comment


                            • #15
                              Originally posted by Tinkerer View Post
                              Clever way to get the resonance. I will do that.

                              The response for FE is rather weak for the best non magnetic setting. The balance setting can be changed to favor FE or to attenuate FE.

                              The above pictures have a gain of 40.

                              Tinkerer
                              Don't forget "natural frequency" (ringing) and "resonant frequency" not the same -- but close if very underdamped.

                              Cheers,

                              -SB

                              Comment

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