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**Teleno** · 02-10-2024, 11:13 AM

Originally posted by Gunghouk View Post

Another thought couldn't the audio frequency be tied to the delay setting?
... my search for relief from retirement boredom.

We're on the same boat.
Certainly you can fiddle with the audio frequency, but keep in mind that it uses Timer2 wich is also used by Arduino's analogWrite(), so it will break this function. Anyway it's not used anywhere in the sketch, so that isn't a problem for this project.

So here's some code. Add these lines to the setup() function

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/**
* URL: https://dbuezas.github.io/arduino-web-timers/#mcu=ATMEGA328P&timer=2&timerMode=CTC&topValue=OCR2A&OCR2A=126&CompareOutputModeA=toggle&clockPrescalerOrSource=128
* Mode : CTC
* Period : 1 ms
* Frequency: 1 kHz
* Outputs :
* - B3: 50.00%, toggle
*/

  TCCR2A = 1 << COM2A0 | 1 << WGM21;
  TCCR2B = 1 << CS22 |1 << CS20;
  DDRB |= 1 << DDB3;
  OCR2A = 127;

Delete or comment out this line:

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analogWrite(audioPin, 127);     // Set audioPin with 50% duty cycle PWM

The value OCR2A sets the frequency. A value of 128 gets you 490 Hz. A value of 60 gets you 1Khz, and proportionally the other values in between.
So if you want the mainSample delay to modulate the tone you map the values like this:

Place this line in the loop().

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OCR2A = map(mainDelay, defMainDelay, 20, 60, 128);

Then you'll hear 1 KHz at minimum delay of 10us and gradually decreasing to 490 Hz at delay 20us. Set the limits as you will.

**Gunghouk** · 02-10-2024, 11:16 AM

**Teleno** · 02-10-2024, 03:14 PM

This is a second mod to allow frequency modulation depending on tatget strength. You'll get a signal that not only increases in volume in the presence of a target, but also increases in pitch.

Aduino_PI2_F_modulation.zip

To use the attached sketch you'll have to do the PWM mod first (swapping pins 8 and 10) as explained on page 3, post #15

This second mod connects the output of the amplifier (TP10) to analog input A1 of the Nano via a resistor divider. 47K from TP10 to A1, and 56K from A1 to GND. This limits the max. voltage at the analog pin to 5V.

If the frequency excursions are not broad enough try replacing this line:

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word freq = map(target, 10, 1024, FREQ_MIN, FREQ_MAX);

with this:

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word freq = map(target, 600, 1024, FREQ_MIN, FREQ_MAX);

**SaltyDog** · 02-10-2024, 06:13 PM

Originally posted by Teleno View Post

Actually I've attached a 128x32 OLED and can see the delay in real time. My eyes are not so good anymore so I'm looking for big fonts. Will post the code when I'm satisfied with it.

Be interested in the display code, please post the code when you are ready. At the moment I am just marking the pot, were it is sensitive to gold, but would be good to get exact numbers ..

**Teleno** · 02-10-2024, 06:27 PM

Originally posted by SaltyDog View Post

Be interested in the display code, please post the code when you are ready. At the moment I am just marking the pot, were it is sensitive to gold, but would be good to get exact numbers ..

I will. But that's anything anyone here could do, since the loop() is fully available. Find a display of choice, get the library and insert the code in the sketch. It doesn't matter how heavy the library is cause the MCU here does basically nothing and the memory use is minimal.

you could even add a videogame too

)

With this sketch you can set the default main sample delay all the way down to zero. There is no latency. Just edit the define "defMainDelay" to be as early as your coil allows

**SaltyDog** · 02-10-2024, 06:28 PM

Originally posted by Gunghouk View Post

Couldn't you initially serial print to a laptop to see the values in a bench setting? If the pot value is enough then put a DVM on the wiper and measure using a 10 turn pot.

No, this must be done outside in the field, as inside there is too much interference from metal and electronic noise.

**Teleno** · 02-10-2024, 07:11 PM

To the administrators: Please delete my post #40 or replace it with this post. The resistor values shown were wrong and it could cause damage to the Nano board.

This is a second mod to allow not only increases in volume in the presence of a target, but also increases in pitch (frequency + ampitude modulation). The human ear is much more sensitive to changes in pitch than in amplitude, so this feature can result in an improved detection experience.

[ATTACH]n420152[/ATTACH]

To use the attached sketch you'll have to do the PWM mod first (swapping pins 8 and 10) as explained on page 3, post #15

This second mod connects the output of the amplifier (TP10) to analog input A1 of the Nano via a resistor divider. 56k from TP10 to A1, and 120k from A1 to GND. This limits the max. voltage at the analog pin to 5V.

If the frequency excursions are not broad enough try replacing this line:

PHP Code:


word freq = map(target, 10, 1024, FREQ_MIN, FREQ_MAX);

with this:

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word freq = map(target, 512, 1024, FREQ_MIN, FREQ_MAX);

**Teleno** · 02-10-2024, 08:12 PM

Originally posted by SaltyDog View Post

Be interested in the display code, please post the code when you are ready. At the moment I am just marking the pot, were it is sensitive to gold, but would be good to get exact numbers ..

Here's the display code.

Place this snippet at the beginning of the sketch

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#define USE_OLED

#ifdef USE_OLED
  #include <Tiny4kOLED.h>
  #include <font16x32digits.h>
  const DCfont *largeFont = FONT16X32DIGITS;
  const DCfont *smallFont = FONT8X16;
  uint8_t width = 128;
  uint8_t height = 32;
#endif

This snippet at the beginning of setup()

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#ifdef USE_OLED
  oled.begin(width, height, sizeof(tiny4koled_init_128x32br), tiny4koled_init_128x32br);
  oled.setFont(smallFont);
  if (smallFont->width == 0) {
    oled.setSpacing(1);
  } else {
    oled.setSpacing(smallFont->spacing + 1);
  }
  oled.on();
  oled.clear();
  oled.setCursor(0, 2);
  oled.print("DELAY");
  oled.setCursor(0, 0);
  oled.print("us");
  oled.setFont(largeFont);
  if (smallFont->width == 0) {
    oled.setSpacing(1);
  } else {
    oled.setSpacing(largeFont->spacing + 1);
  }
#endif

and this snippet in the loop()

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#ifdef USE_OLED  
    oled.setCursor(70, 0);  
    oled.print(mainDelay);
    oled.print(" ");
#endif

This is what you'll get

If you won't use the OLED comment out the "#define USE_OLED" line and rebuild. Otherwise Nano will wait forever for a display to be ready that doesn't exist.

Install the following libraries in Arduino (using search box)

Tiny4kOLED
TinyOLED-Fonts

The display is 0.91 inch OLED 128x32 based on controller SSD1306. Like this one: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006431809403.html?

**SaltyDog** · 02-10-2024, 08:58 PM

Presume connections are:
SDA -> A4
SCL -> A5 ?

**Teleno** · 02-10-2024, 09:05 PM

Originally posted by SaltyDog View Post

Presume connections are:
SDA -> A4
SCL -> A5 ?

Yup

**SaltyDog** · 02-10-2024, 10:08 PM

Originally posted by Teleno;

This second mod connects the output of the amplifier (TP10) to analog input A1 of the Nano via a resistor divider. 56k from TP10 to A1, and 120k from A1 to GND. This limits the max. voltage at the analog pin to 5V.

Hmm, doesn't the analog voltage at TP10 cover +-5v ? The A1 input of the uP will only except positive 0..5v, are you relying on the uP input protection diode clipping the negative?

**Teleno** · 02-10-2024, 10:23 PM

Originally posted by SaltyDog View Post

Hmm, doesn't the analog voltage at TP10 cover +-5v ? The A1 input of the uP will only except positive 0..5v, are you relying on the uP input protection diode clipping the negative?

Yes I think I screwed it all up but I can't delete anything. I was trying to do too many mods at the same time.

Max output voltage at TP10 is +5V - 1.3V. We just need a diode with the anode to TP10 and cathode to A1 plus a 100k or so resistor from A1 to GND.

The input A1 has to work with is +5V - 1.3V - 0.6V; so the range for the ADC is 3,1V / 5V * 1024 = 635. This would be the maximum value of the "target" variable.

The mapping code is then

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word freq = map(target, 0, 635, FREQ_MIN, FREQ_MAX);

The 120k resistor should be replaced by said diode. Then all is good.

If instead of TP10 we link TP6 to A1 then we can do direct sampling and DSP, that's another game.

**Gunghouk** · 02-10-2024, 10:31 PM

Don't forget to mask, or shift right a couple of places, the 635 to loose the jittery bits.

**Teleno** · 02-10-2024, 10:38 PM

Originally posted by Gunghouk View Post

Don't forget to mask, or shift right a couple of places, the 635 to loose the jittery bits.

For the frequency it doesn't matter. If we mask then the frequency will move in a few large steps like a cheap videogame sound. Let's try it first like this.

**SaltyDog** · 02-10-2024, 10:49 PM

The input A1 has to work with is +5V - 1.3V - 0.6V; so the range for the ADC is 3,1V / 5V * 1024 = 635. This would be the maximum value of the "target" variable.

Don't forget to subtract 0.6 for the diode drop. EDIT: Never mind, see it ..

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Modified sketch for improved timing precision.

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