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Testing Hammerhead in the park and forest

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  • Testing Hammerhead in the park and forest

    Hi All,
    I had the chance to go today in a park in Sydney, to test how well the HH performs away from civilisation. Some of you may remember a previous post of mine. I went outside the building, in the yard to see how the metal detector works and I was disappointed to discover that every place where I was lowering the coil to the ground, it was beeping, like it found some metal. Today I got the confirmation, that indeed the yard is infested with junk bits and pieces to such an extent, that every square inch has some metal.
    In the forest, I could lower the coil to the ground without any beeping at all! I placed a coin on the ground and I could detect it immediately (which means the detector was working ).
    The first few signals I dug were some hot rocks. I took them home. One of them wasn't actually a hot rock, but a piece of construction concrete, with a bit of rusty metal showing on an edge. I used a file to confirm that was metal. That piece looked exactly like a natural rock, it must have been sitting there for quite some years.
    The other two seem to be natural hot rocks. I split one apart with the hammer. It has a sandy constitution and has a colour close to a brick, with a dark band going through it and it shines in the light, like it has microscopical mirrors in it (maybe mica, I don't know). I will attach a photo for the ones curious to see how it looks like (and yes, I live in Australia, the land of hot rocks! ).
    The other interesting thing I found today was a riffle shell. I checked with the magnifier on the back and it has written .303MK8Z and what it seems like Russian characters - PPU-85. To me it looks like a shell from AK47. This is to prove how far the Russian Mafia has spread!
    I just did a check on the internet, and I found these shells presented here: http://www.municion.org/303/303Mk8zppu85G.jpg
    http://www.municion.org/303/303.htm
    They seem to be made Yugoslavia and they are for riffles.
    I found out some more bits on the path. I think one is a wheel nut from a bike, another unknown item (I think it is a piece fallen from a UFO), a rusty metal cap, some rusty thin wire and a very large nail, zinc-plated.
    I also found a rusty Allen key, most likely a herritage from the aboriginal people that used to leave in that area...
    I got some more clear signals on the path in the park, but my wife acted like a hostile witness and got mad at my attempts to unveil those gold rings...
    Next time I will have to find a more suitable partner of crime

    And one last note about my coil. I noticed the maximum sensitivity of my coil is not in the center, but is about 4-5 cm closer to the right side. I suspect it has to do with the shielded cable that goes to the left side of the coil! Did anybody else experienced this effect? Toward the end of the day I was trying to see if I can detect some really weak signals in the forest, and I was getting sounds from the detector when I wasn't expecting anything. I ended up swinging the coil in the air very fast and strangely, it was beeping in one direction and not in the other one, or it was beeping toward the end of the swing. The conclusion is that something is not quite right, but I don't know what yet. I need to make the rod that holds the coil more solid and to put the coil into a housing.

    Regards,
    Nicolae
    Attached Files

  • #2
    "And one last note about my coil. I noticed the maximum sensitivity of my coil is not in the center, but is about 4-5 cm closer to the right side. I suspect it has to do with the shielded cable that goes to the left side of the coil! Did anybody else experienced this effect? Toward the end of the day I was trying to see if I can detect some really weak signals in the forest, and I was getting sounds from the detector when I wasn't expecting anything. I ended up swinging the coil in the air very fast and strangely, it was beeping in one direction and not in the other one, or it was beeping toward the end of the swing. The conclusion is that something is not quite right, but I don't know what yet. I need to make the rod that holds the coil more solid and to put the coil into a housing. "

    Nicolae,

    What you are experiencing when moving the coil in the air is the effect of the Earth's magnetic field on inducing a voltage in the search coil when moved in one particular direction relative to the magnetic field flux pattern.

    On the Hammerhead, the second delay is designed to eliminate this magnetic field effect. The best way to balance this out is to look at the integrator stage as having two inputs that arrive at different times. One input from the target signal and the other input from a much more delayed signal (second delay) that is assumed to contain the same Earth magnetic field signal, but no target signal as would be in the earlier delay but is 180 degrees out of phase to cancel each other out. Make the resistor capacitor pair on the integrator stage matched components. You can try to wave a ceramic magnet over the coil in you shop to adjust the balance pot, just before the integration stage. to have a minimal response from that moving magnet.

    If you want to increase the gain in the integrator stage (IC8a) you can raise the input resistors on each leg of the integrator to between 220K to 470K to add some extra gain if you have lowered the gain in the NE5534. The time constant of the resistor/capacitor combination determines the speed of the integrator which is set at 10 milliseconds for .1uF and 100K. This time constant determines how many samples are being integrated and how fast you can sweep the coil and still hear a target without missing it at that coil sweep speed. Read patent 5,414,411 to see the the simalarity between the Hammerhead and the Whites PI circuit and a description of "fast integration time".

    Read Carl's Hammerhead article to see how this integrator stage works with both inputs and how to balance it.

    bbsailor

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    • #3
      Hi bbsailor,
      Thanks for the information. I have thought about detecting the magnetic field of the earth as well. I am still not 100% sure that I remember the real results of the experiment.
      About the integrator stage: be assured that I matched as well as I could the capacitors and resistors. I expect to have the matching for the pair of resistors under 1% and for caps under 2%. I didn't have a pot for R23, so I used another two well matched 50ohm resistors. I've measured the voltage at TP5 and it was very close to zero when TP4 had some higher voltage.
      I've done the testing at high sensitivity. Maybe despite my attempts for good matching, the tolerance of components still caused this to happen. Especially, the capacitors are 10% tolerance, maybe they have some temperature variations, I don't know. They are those yellow multilayer caps, if I am not wrong.
      I will repeat the test another time and try to be more careful of the effects.

      About increasing the gain in the integrator: I don't need to do that, because meantime I found out the cause of noise at TP4 (very strong nearby electrical noise), and I changed the gain of the preamplifier back to 1000.

      Best regards,
      Nicolae

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