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PARAMAGNETIC - "Having a magnetic permeability greater than unity."
(From:
DICTIONARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS FOR AEROSPACE USE)
"In the 1840s Michael Faraday discovered that oxygen is attracted to
a magnet.
Almost a century later, in 1925, Robert Mulliken explained why
oxygen is magnetic
using the recently developed quantum theory. His analysis shows
that molecular
oxygen has two unpaired electrons in its lowest energy state."
(From: http://www.bio-laser.org/singox.html)
Free oxygen in solution is paramagnetic; free nitrogen is not.
Disolved oxygen
can be driven out of water by bubbling pure nitrogen through it for
20 minutes or
by boiling it. (See posting # 91)
However it seems that with plastic toroidal forms water WILL
reacquire free oxygen
over a 7 to 14 day period. This is due to the permeability of most
plastics, and I am told
is explained by "Henry's Law" which is an equation that shows the
relationship be-
tween pressure and solubility of gases in liquids.
The primary effect, for our purposes, of the reaquistion of free
oxygen, is that
the signal decay time is decreased. Jim Koehler's PPM design
addresses this prob-
lem because he measures the signal rapidly enough that decrease has
no practical
effect on the accuracy of the reading. This may be true of other
units also.
Nevertheless this still leaves us with the question of IF the
decreased decay time
is the ONLY effect of the paramagnetic qualities of the free oxygen.
In other
words - has the amplitude or quality of the signal also suffered
some degradation
because of the free oxygen contained in the proton rich fluid
(distilled water in
this case)?
I understand that this sounds like nitpicking BUT MANY companies
make paramagnetic
oxygen analyzers and the units I have looked at cost in excess of
US$5,000.00.
Therefore somebody seems to think that the effects are significant.
The aforemen-
tioned units are for medical applications often in connection with
magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI).
Hopefully someone that is qualified in chemistry, will consider
these questiona and
put forth some ideas on the subject.
The one thing I have come up with so far is HINT that Temone MIGHT
keep proton
rich fluids from reacquiring free oxygen and this might be the
reason that Geonics
and others use it in their toroidal sensors. I PREVIOUSL assumed
that Temone
was used to make a proton rich fluid, whereas I NOW have the
opinion that it is an
ADDITIVE to the proton rich fluid that is used.
Best to all,
Dale
(From:
DICTIONARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS FOR AEROSPACE USE)
"In the 1840s Michael Faraday discovered that oxygen is attracted to
a magnet.
Almost a century later, in 1925, Robert Mulliken explained why
oxygen is magnetic
using the recently developed quantum theory. His analysis shows
that molecular
oxygen has two unpaired electrons in its lowest energy state."
(From: http://www.bio-laser.org/singox.html)
Free oxygen in solution is paramagnetic; free nitrogen is not.
Disolved oxygen
can be driven out of water by bubbling pure nitrogen through it for
20 minutes or
by boiling it. (See posting # 91)
However it seems that with plastic toroidal forms water WILL
reacquire free oxygen
over a 7 to 14 day period. This is due to the permeability of most
plastics, and I am told
is explained by "Henry's Law" which is an equation that shows the
relationship be-
tween pressure and solubility of gases in liquids.
The primary effect, for our purposes, of the reaquistion of free
oxygen, is that
the signal decay time is decreased. Jim Koehler's PPM design
addresses this prob-
lem because he measures the signal rapidly enough that decrease has
no practical
effect on the accuracy of the reading. This may be true of other
units also.
Nevertheless this still leaves us with the question of IF the
decreased decay time
is the ONLY effect of the paramagnetic qualities of the free oxygen.
In other
words - has the amplitude or quality of the signal also suffered
some degradation
because of the free oxygen contained in the proton rich fluid
(distilled water in
this case)?
I understand that this sounds like nitpicking BUT MANY companies
make paramagnetic
oxygen analyzers and the units I have looked at cost in excess of
US$5,000.00.
Therefore somebody seems to think that the effects are significant.
The aforemen-
tioned units are for medical applications often in connection with
magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI).
Hopefully someone that is qualified in chemistry, will consider
these questiona and
put forth some ideas on the subject.
The one thing I have come up with so far is HINT that Temone MIGHT
keep proton
rich fluids from reacquiring free oxygen and this might be the
reason that Geonics
and others use it in their toroidal sensors. I PREVIOUSL assumed
that Temone
was used to make a proton rich fluid, whereas I NOW have the
opinion that it is an
ADDITIVE to the proton rich fluid that is used.
Best to all,
Dale